A Zoo Story
From The Guardian
January 16, 2004
Every sign, plaque and brochure at the Bronx Zoo is some version of the following:
"The magnificent creature before you will soon be EXTINCT.
This may be your LAST CHANCE to see one. Even as we speak, evil
Bushmeat Bullies are mutilating them with cruel barbaric traps
and harvesting their nostrils, which are used as an aphrodisiac
in Bhutan. Logging companies are cutting down the leafy jungle
vines they would ordinarily be feasting on. Brutal sadists are
hunting them for sport. The biggest hydroelectric dam in the
world will soon flood all their rangeland in Ecuador, and their
carcasses will float to the surface like a grotesque Sargasso Sea
of Vanished Species. Warring militias in the Congo have been
known to hack off their heads for superstitious reasons. Native
peoples near Samarkand make an exotic soup of the forest rodents
that they prey on for subsistence, and the rodents themselves are
also near extinction. Once found in vast parts of Asia, Africa,
Australia and Latin America, they exist in the wild only in one
drainage ditch in Madagascar."
Isn't the zoo supposed to be FUN?
Do they WANT hundreds of six-year-old girls constantly
bursting into tears, whining, "But, Daddy, why do people want to
kill the pretty bird?"
Going to see the 4,000 animals at the Bronx Zoo is
thoroughly DEPRESSING these days--and this is in spite of the
fact that they've tried to make every animal enclosure some form
of Wildlife Day Spa. Of course, they don't have cages anymore,
except for the animals that are so small they would disappear
into the foliage and never be seen by the tourists. (Apparently
the marmoset doesn't have enough international wildlife publicity
to merit more roaming space, and reptiles are not considered cute
enough to be let out of those aquaria.) They don't even call them
exhibits anymore. They are "habitats," as in the Himalayan
Highlands Habitat, home of the snow leopard.
But whereas at one time you would have said, "Awww, look at
his soft spotted fur," today impressionable young zoogoing
children are assaulted with signs and informational displays full
of doom, despair and agony. The snow leopard, they'll have you
know, is "endangered throughout its range." People are killing
them like crazy. They're trapping them. They're hunting them.
They're getting rid of them because they're considered a
livestock pest. There's a lucrative black market for snow leopard
pelts. In fact, there are only 5,000 to 7,000 left in the WHOLE
WORLD. IT'S ONLY A MATTER OF TIME.
You can't go anywhere on the grounds without being told JUST
HOW FAST the animals are vanishing. You're constantly lectured on
the poverty of Africa, the population growth rates, the "limited
economic opportunities" of people who live near wild animals, the
"rapidly changing political systems." What's next? A big kiosk
with pictures of poachers wielding machetes against koala bears?
(It's not that farfetched. The World Wildlife Federation raised a
lot of money with newspaper ads showing a picked-over elephant
carcass.)
In fact, let's take the elephant. The elephant is pretty
much the most popular animal among children. At my local zoo in
Arkansas, we had an elephant that liked to stick its trunk
through the bars and swipe peanut bags out of children's hands,
frightening them, making them squeal, and then, of course,
delighting them. Anything today that even remotely RESEMBLES the
possible touching of elephant skin to human skin would be grounds
for summary dismissal from the park, not to mention that tiny
bags of peanuts could possibly upset the delicate balance of the
elephant's dietary regimen.
But even more annoying are the constant Elephant Lectures.
Yes, we know, they poach them for ivory. Yes, we know, they
rampage through villages and people shoot them. Yes, we know,
LOGGERS ARE EVIL. All right, can we watch the elephant take a
bath now? At the Bronx Zoo, they're especially keen on "elephant
management in Laos." Laos is somehow the answer. They have these
150 elephants in a protected area in Laos that have mineral licks
and grasslands and wetlands and they're happy happy elephants
dwelling at one with nature. Until you get to the fine print in
the explanatory brochure: the dreaded words "hydropower project"
which, by 2006, will "likely increase human-elephant
interaction."
Meanwhile, the animals on the INSIDE of the zoo are treated
like pampered residents at a California ski resort. At the new
Tiger Mountain, opening this spring, you'll be able to go "nose
to nose" (through a glass pane) with Siberian tigers that are
blessed with a daily "animal enrichment program" to help them
"live stimulating, healthy lives." This includes an enclosure in
which the tigers can turn on an automatic sprinkler whenever they
feel like a quick shower, and where they can relax on heated
rocks in the winter, cooled rocks in the summer. Their food will
be hidden inside blocks of ice so they can get a daily workout by
digging it out. They also have a suspended spinning ball with
food inside. It's actually a ball within a ball, so they have to
work it like a Rubik's cube before the food will fall out onto
the ground. The days when big slabs of raw meat were pitchforked
into a pen are apparently over. There's also a big emphasis on
FORCING the cats to play with one another. They do this with chew
toys, animal hides, and the equivalent of tiger catnip--musk and
cinnamon scents calculated to drive them into a frenzy or, as the
zoo puts it, "to keep tiger noses active."
Unfortunately, this kind of show is not anything you would
ever see in China, Russia or the rest of Asia, where the tigers
come from, because China's tigers--to use one example--are almost
all gone. (The zoo is always politically correct in not assigning
blame, but if you read between the lines, the Axis of Evil in the
zoo world consists of China and Brazil. You get the impression
that neither country really gives a flip about preserving
species.) Pressures on the tiger include: loss of habitat, loss
of prey, commercial hunting, poaching, human/tiger conflict,
wildlife trade, "lack of political will and commitment to save
tigers," and political instability. All of which adds up to:
children in the Bronx may love tigers, but nobody who lives next
to a tiger cares whether they live or die. The Chinese, for
example, still use tiger parts for impotence, convulsions, skin
disease and fevers. And they make a wine from tiger bones called
"elixir of life." For the tiger, I suppose that would be elixir
of death.
Or take the cheetah. Endangered because of "loss of habitat
and human persecution," the only ones left are in sub-Saharan
Africa in "very low densities" and only 50 in all of Asia, all of
them in "an isolated region of Iran." (I don't think the Iranians
will be accepting any American "Save the Cheetah" delegations
anytime soon.) The cheetah at the Bronx Zoo kind of skulks among
the bushes, never condescending to demonstrate that great speed
he's known for. (Not that he could get up to Mach 1 without
busting his head into a chain-link fence.)
Or consider the eastern lowland gorilla, which is threatened
by . . . the cell phone! Apparently the eastern Congo has become
overrun with companies mining for coltan, an alloy used in cell
phones. Because there are so many mining camps now, the
temptation is just too great to sneak off into the jungle and
score a little gorilla-meat for the barbie. Then there are those
pesky STARVING people. The Congolese government finally gave up
and disarmed the park guards at the Kahuzi Biega National Park to
avoid bloodshed with famished villagers taking gorillas for . . .
uh . . . survival.
Another tip if you're going near the zoo any time soon:
never use the word "jungle." These animals don't live in jungles.
They live in a tropical rainforest ecosystem. (Insert here nine
paragraphs about how we should be preserving the rainforest.) In
Gabon, however, intrepid explorers recently discovered a forest
clearing--in other words, an ABSENCE of rainforest--for which
they instantly put out an order of protection. There were
elephants, "naive" gorillas, chimps, forest antelope and other
wildlife frolicking Eden-style in this "micro-ecosystem" called
the Langoue Bai where there were NO TREES. So apparently we're to
preserve the rainforest and also the ABSENCE of rainforest
wherever it's found to be an absence of rainforest that wasn't
caused by cutting down the rainforest.
But what about the woodpecker? The woodpecker NEEDS those
dead trees. And in order to get dead trees, you have to sort of,
uh, destroy the trees. But there's a problem. Insensitive humans
invented these organizations called fire departments that put out
wildfires and put them out fast. Not only that, they get rid of
pests that destroy crops. So the forest can't burn down, and the
loggers cart off all the available wood anyway, and the pests
aren't there to burrow into the dead limbs, and so now we need to
send people to Oregon and northeastern California to knock down
some trees and put some pests in them so we can help out the
woodpecker.
It's all too too confusing. You can go down the list of
attractions--the mandrill, that baboon with the blue and red
face, travelling in packs of EIGHT HUNDRED in Gabon but found
nowhere else in the world (this is the nasty beast that kept
trying to kill Alan Bates in "In the Shadow of Kilimanjaro"); the
Chinese alligator, wild population less than 130, most living in
drainage ditches and farm ponds (of course there's a whole SLEW
of them at the Bronx Zoo); the jaguar, which kills the cattle in
Venezuela and then gets shot by angry ranchers, threatened by
agriculture and human settlement so that they can't roam all over
the place anymore; the Eld's Deer, only 42 left in the world; the
black-cheeked Crested Gibbon, threatened in Laos and China
because people keep eating it as a source of protein; the lemur,
which evolved 35 million years ago but is now reduced to a tiny
patch of Madagascar; and, speaking of Madagascar, the serpent
eagle, total known population--one.
After a while, you wanna say, "PLEASE, isn't there ONE
animal that's plentiful and content and healthy?" And actually
there is. The Bronx Zoo is also famous for its bison herd. There
were once 50 million bison in North America, but as we all know
from watching "How the West Was Won," they were slaughtered by
yahoos firing rifles off of moving trains. The Bronx Zoo started
building a bison herd in 1899 and, with fewer than a thousand
left in the wild, convinced Teddy Roosevelt to protect their
rangeland. In 1907, 15 bison were shipped from the zoo to
Oklahoma's Wichita Mountain Preserve. The bison made a comeback
and eventually became plentiful--so plentiful that commercial
cattle ranchers took an interest in them. And today there are so
many that they are slaughtered en masse so that westerners can
feast on Bison Burgers.
Uh oh, the girls are crying again, aren't they? Children
really shouldn't be allowed in zoos. It's way too traumatic. |